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SPEECH 


DKLIVBRED 


BY  ENEAS  MAC  DONNELL,  Esq. 


AT  A  MEETING  OF  THE  INHABITANTS  OF 


MAYO, 


HELD,  JULY  16th,  1826; 


WHXaSIR  THE  ANCIEKT  FAMB  OF  IRELAND,     AND  HER  LIBERAL  CONTRliUTIONS 
TO  THE   DIFFUSION  OP   RELIGION,  SCIENCE   AND  CIVILIZATION, 
THROUGHOUT  GREAT  BRITAIN  AND  OKTHER  NATIONS, 
ARE,   IN  PART,   ILLUSTRATED. 


DEDICATED  TO 


THE    PROTESTANT   CLERGY   OF    ENGLAND, 


AND 


THE  CATHOLIC  CLERGY  OF  IRELAND: 

In  the  hope,  that  its  perusal  may  induce  the  former  to  bear  themselves  kindly 
towards  their  Irish  Fellow-Subjects ;  and  the  latter  to  cultivate  iu  their  Flocks, 
the  memory  of  those  Times  and  Circumstances  in  the  History  of  their  Country, 
which  they  cannot  disregard  without  shame«  or  refer  to  without  comfort,  and 
much  national  advantage. 


LEEDS: 

PRINTED  AT  THE  MERCURY  OFFICE,  BY  EDWARD  BAINES  &  SON. 


1828. 


SPEECH 


or 


ENEAS   MAC  DONNELL,    Esq. 


%. 


A  Meeting  of  the  Inhabitants  of  the  Parish  of  Mayo  was 
held  on  the  16th  July,  1826,  at  the  old  Monastery  of  that  name, 
to  consider  the  propriety  of  soliciting  British  aid  towards  the  erection 
of  a  School-house,  a  Chapel,  and  an  enclosing  Waill  round  the 
extensive  Grave -yard.  The  place  now  used,  alternately,  for  a 
School,  and  for  religious  worship,  is  a  low  thatched  house,  situated 
in  the  midst  of  the  venerable  ruins,  with  a  damp  earthen  floor,  two 
small  windows,  and  a  shattered  door,  which  in  the  week  days  is 
unhinged,  and  converted  into  a  table  for  the  use  of  the  Scholars. 
It  was  truly  afflicting  to  learn  that  this  is  the  only  place  for  religious 
or  literary  instruction  in  the  parish,  and  to  contrast  its  wretchedness 
with  the  unerring  marks  of  former  magnificence  displayed  in  the 
splendid  relics  that  surround  it.  Here  and  there  w^ere  to  be  seen 
fragments  of  pillars,  bases  and  capitals,  of  various  dimensions  and 
forms,  with  many  beautiful  specimens  of  ornamental  sculpture, 
scattered  over  the  graves,  or  collected  in  monumental  heaps ;  at  the 
same  time,  that  the  interest  evinced  by  the  numerous  peasantry, 
in  contemplating  and  talking  over  the  scene,  was  not  the  least  affect- 
ing of  many  excitements  to  earnest  and  sympathizing  attention. 

At  the  appointed  hour  the  parishioners  assembled  in  tiie  little 
Chapel,  and  some  friends  attended  to  co-operate  with  them  in  the 
promotion  of  their  object,  including  Eneas  Mac  Donnell,  Esq.  Agent, 
in  England,  to  the  Catholics  of  Ireland,  who  was  on  a  visit  with 
his  relatives  in  the  county  of  Mayo,  of  which  he  is  a  native. 

Upon  the  motion  of  Alexander  Coghlan,  Esq.  the  Reverend 
David  Wahh.  was  called  to  the  Chair.  Mr.  J.  W,  Coghlan  was 
requested  to  act  as  Secretary. 

Mr.  Eneas  Mac  Donnell  opened  the  proceedings,  and  address- 
ed the  Meeting  to  the  following  effect  :— 

Mr.  Chairman  and  Countrymen, 

As  I  had  some  share  in  convening  the  present  Assembly,  I  feel 

that  I  am  called  upon,  in  the  first  instance,  to  state  the  circumstances 

in  which  it  originated,  and  under  which   I  presumed   to  interfere 

in  your  parochial  concerns.^  I  had  been  at  the  house  of  my  esteemed 


relative,  your  good  friend  and  neighbour,  Mr.  Joseph  Macdonnell, 
of  Carnacon,  whom  your  venerable  Archbishop,  the  Most  Reverend 
Doctor  Kelly,  was  pleased  to  honour  with  a  visit,  at  the  same  time. 
On  the  day  before  yesterday,  your  worthy  Pastor,  now  in  the  Chair, 
waited  upon  your  revered  Prelate,  when  the  miserable  condition  of 
the  Parish  (-napel,  and  the  total  want  of  means,  on  your  part,  to 
provide  a  suitable  place  of  worship  and  a  School-house,  became 
the  subject  of  a  conversation,  at  which  I  was  present.  I  was  not 
such  a  stern  philosopher  as  to  listen,  with  cold  indifference,  to 
the  affecting  recital.  Knowing  something  of  the  ancient  history  of 
our  Country,  and  her  claims  on  other  nations,  and  upon  none  so 
much  as  Great  Britain,  for  vast  contributions  towards  their  religious 
and  literary  instruction,  I  had  often  made  the  matter  subject  of 
observation  in  public  meetings  and  private  circles,  in  London  ; 
and  it  is  only  bare  justice  to  those  who  were  present,  on  such  occa- 
sions, that  1  should  add,  that  my  appeal  was  always  received  with- 
out a  single  dissentient  voice,  and  rather  with  marks  of  attention 
and  sympathy.  It  struck  me,  that  the  peculiar  claims  of  the  sacred 
spot  upon  which  we  now  stand,  could  be  advantageously  placed 
before  the  view  of  our  British  fellow-subjects,  of  every  country, 
class,  and  creed.  For,  if  the  testimony  of  historians,  Protestant 
and  Catholic,  as  well  foreign  as  domestic,  ancient  and  modern,  and 
particularly  British,  be  not  most  false,  it  is  a  fact  not  to  be  doubted, 
that  the  nations  of  England,  Scotland  and  Wales,  are  all,  alike, 
bound,  in  the  discharge  of  the  obligations  of  gratitude,  to  acknow- 
ledge to  Ireland  very  many  services,  in  the  diffusion  of  religion, 
science,  and  civilization  among  them.  I  make  this  assertion,  de- 
liberately and  advisedly,  and,  although  I  do  not  pretend  to  any 
extraordinary  literary  researches  or  information,  I  pledge  myself  to 
prove  the  truth  of  ray  position  before  I  sit  down  ;  not,  however, 
in  a  spirit  of  illiberal  contrast  or  invidious  nationality,  but  in  the 
hope  of  eliciting  friendship  from  our  British  fellow-subjects,  and 
exciting,  among  my  countrymen,  an  imitation  of  those  practices 
and  good  feelings  wnich  we  honour  in  our  ancestry,  and  may  make 
the  subject  of  our  just  pride  and  boasting. 

It  is  right,  before  we  proceed  further,  that  the  object  of  our  pre- 
sent meeting  should  be  distinctly  and  precisely  defined,  as  well  to 
guard  against  any  erroneous  anticipations,  among  my  good  friends 
who  now  surround  me,  as  to  prevent  misconceptions  and  misrepre- 
sentations on  the  part  of  others,  less  friendly  to  our  interests.  Our 
object  is,  then,  simply  this;  to  consider  the  propriety  of  solicit- 
ing British  aid,  towards  the  erection  of  places  of  religious  and 
literary  instruction  upon  this  ancient  site,  and  of  an  enclosing  wall 
round  this  extensive  burial  groimd.  The  want  of  the  Chapel  and 
the  School  is  obvious  to  us  all,  at  this  moment,  and  we  have  only 
to  pass  the  threshold  of  the  door,  to  witness  not  less  equivocal  or 
painful  proofs  of  the  necessity  of  an  enclosing  wall ;  as  we  should 
behold  the  bones  of  your  ancestors,  and  probably,  nay  certainly, 
«f  many  worthy  and  sainted  Britons,  actually  rooted  out  of  their 
tombs  by  the  swine  that  stroll  through  their  graves.  (Loud  expres- 
jions  of  horror,  accompanied  with  ejaculations  of  "  'tis  true,  'tis 
true.")     My  friends,  I  do  not  point  to  these  circumstances  in  order 


to  offend  or  upbraid  you.  I  know  that  this  lamentable  state  can 
only  be  attributed,  so  far  as  you  are  concernetl,  to  your  utter  ina- 
bility to  remedy  it ;  and  it  is  the  consciousness  of  this  truth  that 
obliges  us  to  be  convened  here  this  day.  AHiatever  may  be  the 
cause  of  this  inability,  I  am  quite  certain  that  it  does  not  originate 
in  circumstances  over  which  you  have  any  controul,  or  for  which 
you  should,  in  fairness,  be  held  accountable.  But,  of  the  existence 
of  that  state  of  destitution  I  have  seen  unquestionable  illustrations, 
in  the  wretched  condition  of  your  cabins,  and  still,  more,  if  possible, 
in  this  fact,  that  among  the  many  hundreds  of  children  whom  I 
observed  as  I  passed  along  the  road,  there  was  not  one,  no  not  a 
single  one,  that  wore  a  whole  suit  of  clothes,  or  a  hat,  a  cap,  a 
stocking  or  a  shoe.  I  shall  now  proceed  to  state,  as  briefly  as  the 
subject  will  admit,  the  grounds  upon  which  I  formed  the  sugges- 
tion of  your  making  an  appeal  to  Great  Britain ;  and  when  we 
consider  the  generous  ardour  displayed  by  the  people  of  that  Island, 
in  relieving  your  physical  wants,  so  lately  as  the  year  1822,  I  can- 
not permit  myself  to  doubt,  but  that  if  we  could  establish  a  well- 
founded,  rational  claim  upon  their  gratitude  and  favour,  in  this 
instance,  you  will  find  them  not  less  disposed  to  aid  you,  in  your 
present  pursuit. 

I  think  that  such  a  claim  can  be  established  on  the  part  of  Ireland, 
generally,  and  in  a  most  particular  manner,  on  the  part  of  that 
si)ot  of  our  country  in  which  we  are  now  assembled. 

In  the  first  place,  we  find  that  eminent  geographer,  Ptolemy, 
who  wrote  in  the  second  age  of  the  christian  era,  in  his  Table  of 
Europe,  enumerating,  in  the  Greek  language,  ten  distinguished 
cities  in  the  interior,  and  on  the  coast  of  Ireland  ;  and  his  annotator 
adds,  that  the  same  Ptolemy  placed  Ireland  amongst  the  most 
celebrated  Islands  of  the  world.  In  confirmation  of  this  view,  we 
can  refer  to  that  English  Protestant  writer,  Edmund  Spenser, 
eaually  distinguished  as  a  politician  and  a  poet,  and  who  had  been  a 
Cnief  Secretary  here.  In  his  treatise,  entitled  a  "  View  of  the 
state  of  Ireland,"  written  about  200  years  ago,  he  says,  "  all  the 
customs  of  the  Irish  which  I  have  often  noted,  and  compared  with 
what  I  have  read,  would  minister  occasion  of  a  most  ample  discourse 
of  the  original  of  them,  and  the  antiquity  of  that  people,  which  in 
the  truth,  I  think  to  be  more  ancient  than  most  that  I  know  in  this 
end  of  the  world."  In  another  part  of  the  same  work,  he  describes 
our  country  as  "  a  nation  so  antique,  that  no  monument  remains 
"  of  her  beginning  and  first  inhabiting,"  and  he  adds  again,  "  It  is 
certain   that  Ireland    hath    had   the    use  of  letters  very 

ANCIENTLY,    AND    LONG    BEFORE    ENGLAND." 

In  the  writings  of  another  Enghsh  Protestant  historian,  of  still 
more  exalted  rank,  the  luminous  Camden,  who  flourished  more 
than  two  centuries  ago,  we  find  similar  testimonies,  to  some  of 
which  I  shall  refer  more  particularly,  by  and  by.  For  the  present, 
I  shall  merely  notice  his  statement,  in  the  third  volume  of  his 
"Britannia,"  that  "  from  thence  (Ireland)  our  old  Saxon  ancestors 
seem  to  have  had  the  form  of  their  letters,  as  they  plainly  used  tht 
same  characters  ivhich  are  at  present  in  use  among  the  Irish.  This 
opinion  is  also  fully  sustained  by  the  writings  of  another  Protestant 


historian,  of  more  modem  times,  a  man  eminent  for  the  extent  of 
his  learning,  and  the  broken  suavity  of  his  manners,  George  Lord 
Lyttleton ;  who,  in  his  history  of  the  life  of  Henry  the  Second, 
written  about  60  years  ago,  states,  "  a  school  was  formed  at  Armagh, 
w^hich  soon  became  very  famous.  Many  Irish  went  from  thence  to 
convert  and  teach  other  nations.  Many  Saxons  out  of  England  re- 
sorted thither  for  instruction,  and  brought  from  thence  the 

USE    OF    letters    TO     THEIR     IGNORANT      COUNTRYMEN."       Again, 

we  find  the  celebrated  Dr.  Johnson  in  his  "  History  of  the  English 
language,"  prefixed  to  his  Dictionary,  making  this  observation — 
"  WTiat  was  the  form  of  the  Saxon  language,  when  about  the  year 
450,  they  first  entered  Britain,  cannot  now  be  well  known.  They 
seem  to  have  been  a  people  without  learning,  and,  very  probably, 
without  an  alphabet." 

Here  then  are  two  nations,  the  one  without  literature  or  even  an 
alphabet,  the  other  in  possession  of  both,  and  the  islands  adjoining 
one  another.  The  obvious  conclusion  must  be,  that  one  obtained 
its  knowledge  from  the  other,  provided  it  be  admitted  that  there 
existed  an  intercourse  between  them.  Upon  that  point  I  could 
adduce  innumerable  proofs ;  but  I  shall  only  very  briefly  refer  to 
two  or  three,  at  present,  as  I  shall  have  occasion  to  trespass  con- 
siderably on  your  indulgence.  In  the  first  place,  venerable  Bede, 
(the  most  esteemed  by  the  English,  of  all  tneir  Historians)  in  his 
"  History  of  the  Primitive  Church  of  England,"  written  eleven 
hundred  years  ago,  designates  Ireland  thus,  " gentem  innoxiam,  et 
nationi  Anglorum  semper  amicissiviamj'"  (an  inoffensive  country, 
and  always  most  friendly  to  the  EngHsh  nation.)  In  the  same  man- 
ner, the  celebrated  Alcuinus,  who  wrote  about  seventy  years  after 
venerable  Bede,  bears  similar  testimony ;  and,  in  his  Poem  about 
the  Prelates  and  holy  men  of  the  Church  of  York,  describes  the 
People  of  Ireland  as  "  Anglis  semper  amicos"  (alwai/s  friendly  to 
the  English.)  If  any  further  evidence  were  necessary,  to  prove 
that  intercourse  between  Ireland  and  every  part  of  Great  Britain, 
it  could  be  deduced  from  the  language  of  King  James  I.  of  England, 
who,  in  his  answer  to  the  Irish  Agents,  when  they  applied  for  that 
which  Ireland  is  still  obliged  to  solicit  from  England,  simple  justice, 
said  to  them  : — "  There  is  a  double  cause  why  I  should  be  careful 
of  the  welfare  of  that  People ;  first,  as  King  of  England,  by  reason 
of  the  long  possession  the  Crown  of  England  hath  had  of  that  land  ; 
and  also  as  King  of  Scotland ;  for  the  ancient  Kings  of  Scothind  are 
descended  from  the  Kings  of  Ireland." 

Dr.  Johnson,  in  another  work,  entitled  "  a  Tour  to  the  Hebrides," 
or  western  Isles  of  Scotland,  observes: — "We  heard  of  manuscripts 
that  were,  or  had  been  in  the  hands  of  somebody's  father  or  grand- 
father, but  at  least  we  had  no  reason  to  believe  they  were  other  than 
Irish  ;  and,  in  his  letters  to  the  illustrious  O'Conor,  of  Belenagare, 
he  says: — "  I  have  long  wished  that  the  Irish  literature  were  cul- 
tivated. Ireland  is  known,  by  tradition,  to  have  been  the  seat  of 
piety  and  learning  ;"  and,  again,  he  says,  "  Dr.  Leland  (the  Irish 
historian)  begins  his  history  too  late.  The  ages  which  deserve  an 
enquiry  are  those  times,  for  such  there  were,  when  Ireland  was  the 
school  qf  the  West." 


I.  Were  I  to  rest  upon  this  general  and  circumstential  evidence, 

alone,   I  do  not  think  that  any  impartial  tribunal  could  hesitate 
to  admit  its  direct  application  and  cogency,  in  proof  of  the  position, 
that  Britain  stands  indebted  to  Ireland  for  a  large  portion  of  her  early 
acquirements  in  science.   And  1  pray  you  to  mark  the  character  ol  my 
authorities.     I  do  not  refer  to  any  oral  traditions,  or  legendary  tales, 
or  to  any  witnesses  interested  in  maintaining  the  high  pretensions 
of  our  country.     On  the  contrary,  all   my  witnesses,  hitherto,  art. 
of  the  most  esteemed  characters,  all  English,  with  a  single  exception, 
and  Protestants  with  only  two  exceptions ;  and,  as  I  shall  have  re- 
peated occasions  to  refer  to  one  of  them  (Bede),  I  may  here  observe, 
that  his  authority  is  recognised,  equally,   by  Protestants  and  Catli- 
olics.     We  find  him  noticed  by   the  most  earnest   Protestant  pub- 
lication of  our  day,  the  Quarterly  Review,  in  the  number  for  De- 
cember, 1811,  in  the  followmg  words :— "  If  ever  there  was  a  iiidu 
who  could  be  truly  called  Venerable,  it  was  he  to  whom  the  appel- 
lation is  constantly  fixed,  Bede,  whose  life  was  passed  in  instructing 
his  own  generation,  and  preparing  records  for  posterity." 

To  these  records  I  now  refer,  on  behalf  of  my  country,  and  oi 
this  sacred  spot  upon  which  we  are  met ;  and,  under  the  high  sanc- 
tion of  this  truly  venerable  Bede,  I  claim  a  liberal  hearing  for  our 
appeal. 

The  admission  of  this  Reviewer  is  the  more  valuable,  when  we 
observe,  that  the  paragraph,  from  which  I  make  the  extract,  con- 
tains proof  of  the  disinclination  of  the  writer,  to  do  justice  to  the 
learning,  zeal,  or  piety  of  Irishmen  ;  and,  therefore,  we  possess  the 
advantage  of  obtaining  this  corroborating  testimony  from  an  adverst- 
witness ;  for,  while  he  extols  the  splendid  institutions  of  Malmsbury 
and  Lindisfame,  in  England,  he  suppressess,  altogether,  the  fact 
of  their  having  been  indebted  to  Ireland  for  their  founders  and  most 
eminent  doctors,  although  informed  of  it  by  that  same  historian, 
I         and  other  distinguished  writers.  .  i.   ,    • 

Let  us  proceed,  now,  to  more  direct  evidence,  furnished,  m  part, 
by  the  same  witnesses,  and,  for  the  remainder,  by  others  equally 
unimpeachable.  I  shall  endeavour  to  sketch  their  testimony  as 
briefly  as  possible,  consistent  with  a  due  regard  to  the  impoitanct 
and  novelty  of  the  discussion. 

The  works  of  venerable  Bede  abound  with  information  favourable 
to  my  position.  In  the  third  Book  of  his  History,  already  quoted, 
he  gives  an  account  of  the  conversion  to  Christianity  of  Oswald, 
King  of  Northumbria,  by  Aidanus,  a  venerable  Irish  Missionary, 
who  had  been  sent  to  him  in  compliance  with  the  King's  request, 
"that  those  who  had  conferred  the  Sacrament  upon  his  son  Alfred, 
and  his  attendants,  while  in  Ireland,  would  send  some  zealous  and 
learned  Prelate,  to  instruct  his  English  subjects  in  the  faith  if  Christ, 
and  administer  the  Sacravients  to  them."  "  After  this  (adds  the 
venerable  Historian)  many  Priests  began  to  come  daily /ro7w  Ireland 
into  England,  to  preach  the  Christian  faith,  with  great  zeal  and 
devotion,  in  every  part  of  King  Oswald's  kingdom,  and  to  admin- 
ister the  sacrament  of  Baptism  to  all  such  as  were  converted. 
Churches  were  built  in  many  places ;  the  people  with  joy  assemblwi 
to  hear  the  word  of  God." 


'Sr,-*!*,"- 


8 

The  extent  of  the  services  thus  rendered,  by  this  Irish  Prelate, 
may  be  fairly  estimated,  when  we  recollect,  that  the  kingdom  of 
Northumbria  comprised  nearly  the  whole  of  the  counties  of  Northum- 
berland, Cumberland,  Durham,  V^estmoreland,  Lancaster  and 
York,  being  the  country  North  of  the  Humber. 

In  the  next  chapter  he  gives  a  brief  history  of  the  mission  of 
St.  C'olumban,  the  Irishman,  to  Britain  ;  a  mission  not  inferior,  in 
its  pursuits,  or  results,  to  any  that  has  been  undertaken  since  that 
of  the  Divine  founder  of  Christianity.  He  tells  us  that — "  In  the 
beginning  of  the  reign  of  Justin  the  Younger,  who  succeeded 
Justinian  intheGovernmentof  the  Roman  Empire,  A.D.  565,Colum- 
ban,  a  Priest  and  Abbot  of  great  celebrity,  whose  life  corresponded 
with  the  habit  of  a  Monk,  which  he  had  taken,  came  from  Ireland 
into  Britain  to  preach  the  word  of  God  to  the  northern  Province 
of  the  Picts  (Scotland.)  He  converted  the  whole  nation  in  a  very 
short  time,  by  his  eloquence  and  good  example.  As  a  tribute  of 
gratitude  for  which,  he  received  the  Isle  of  Icolmbkill,  to  build 
and  endow  a  Monastery."  Of  the  labours  of  this  Irish  Institution 
for  the  diffusion  of  Christianity,  during  several  centuries,  we  have 
the  concurrent  proof,  of  every  writer  of  every  country,  who  has 
treated  of  this  subject.  The  Irish  missionaries  whom  it  sent 
forth  among  all  the  nations  of  the  earth,  but  most  particularly 
throughout  Britain,  whether  we  estimate  their  value  by  their  num- 
bers, their  zeal,  their  purity,  their  piety,  their  learning,  or  their 
labours,  appear  second  only  to  those  who  received  the  faculties 
of  their  mission  directly  from  Christ  himself,  or  his  immediate 
apostles.  But,  interesting  and  truly  flattering  as  the  subject  is,  this 
is  not  an  occasion  upon  which  it  would  become  me  to  dwell  at 
greater  length  upon  it.  Were  I  to  recite  to  you  the  beautiful  illus- 
trations of  the  characters  of  those  learned  and  sanctified  Irishmen, 
furnished  by  this  venerable  writer,  and  several  others,  nay,  even  of 
any  one  among  them,  as,  for  example,  that  pure  and  perfect  Aidanus, 
you  could  not  fail  to  exidt  in  the  reference.  I  may  here  again 
refer  to  Dr.  Johnson,  who  observes  in  the  same  "  History  of  the 
English  language,"  to  which  I  have  already  adverted,  that  *'  the 
Christian  religion  always  implies  or  produces  a  certain  degree  of 
civility  and  learning."  It,  surely,  is  not  unreasonable  to  suppose, 
that  the  diffilsion  of  that  religion  by  our  Irish  worthies,  throughout 
Great  Britain,  must  have  produced  such  blessed  results.  I  shall 
make  but  one,  and  that  a  very  short,  extract  from  the  description 
given  by  venerable  Bede,  of  the  habits  of  that  same  Aidanus,  which 
will  be  found  well  suited  to  the  promotion  of  such  "  civility 
and  learning."  He  states  that  "  the  principal  of  these  virtues  (of 
Aidanus)  were  his  love  of  peace  and  cnarity,  continence  and 
humility;  his  complete  victory  over  anger  and  avarice,  and  his 
sovereign  contempt  of  pride  and  vain  glory ;  his  diUgence  in  both 
performing  and  teaching  the  commandments  of  God,  as  also  in 
watching  and  reading;  his  supporting  the  dignity  of  his  epis- 
copal authority,  in  reproving  the  haughty  and  powerful,  and,  at 
the  same  time,  his  tenderness  in  comforting  the  afflicted,  and  in 
relieving  or  defending  the  indigent." 

AssERius,  a  writer  of  considerable  eminencCj  who  was  a  cotem- 


M 


\ 


I 


norarv  with  King  Alfred,  informs  his  readers,  in  his  "  annals"  lor 
SJr7eaT  65?:  tLf  Furs'eus,  another  V^^  f-Ct'^ir*  the" 
tolled  also  bv  Bede,  viated  the  territories  of  Sigibert,  King  ot  tne 
EasrAn'les  (comprising  Suffolk,  Norfolk,  and  Cambridge,)  and 
fonvertd^to  the  Xistifn  faith  large  numbers  of  h.s  sub^ects^ 
Cr..  a  writer  in  the  thir^enth  century,  s^^^^^^ 

S/s^er^Kingsof^*^^^^^^^^^ 

S^f  of  'th  °ir  suWec*.  He  enumerates  the  following  Kings  con- 
S  bf  them-namely,   Gaudfridus,   Oswaldus,   Oswy,  Osw.n, 

''tri^ft  themostapproved  historians,  that  the  district, 
nowknowfas  the  fcounties  of  York,  Durham,  ^^"^  Nojthumbe  - 
land   were  indebted  to  Ireland  not  only  for  missionaries,  who  in 
^ructed  them  in  religion  and  science,  but  for  the  educatio"  of  A«r 
most  renowned  PreUtes,  as  Ceadd,  Bishop  of  Y"^^,  who,  BeUe 
says,  had  been  educated  by  Finan  the  Irishman ;  a""!  ^'^°  <^^',,^^^^ 
foundation  of  Episcopal  Sees.    Thus,  the  See  of  Dvn-ham  h*    bee" 
established,  originally,  by  Aidanus  at  Lindisfarne,  (or  Holy  l»'ana), 
from  wS  it  was  removed  to  Durham,   in  consequence   of  the 
r";^atrd  incul^ions  of  the  Norwegians.    Three  Wshmen    A.danu^s 
Finanus,  and  our  own  Colmanus,  were  the  first  Bishops   '"  s'^^C"" 
fion     the  second  of  whom,  Finanus,  we  are  mformed  by  ^de, 
brit^CatSal  Church  for  himself  and  his  successors  in  Holy 
Island,  where  his  predecessor   Aidanus,  had  f.lf-dy  established  a 
Monaierv      William  of  Malmsbury,  says—"  fhe    King  oi   tne 
NoThumLians  governed  all  the  county  which  i^  bey°M  the  "ver 
Humber,  even  into  Scotland ;  and  there  were  the  Archbishop  ot 
York    tlie  Bishops  of  Hexham,  of  Lmdtsfarne,   xai  oi  tmutiaa 
<W       Hexham    and    Kipon    are    no    more;    Landisfarne    y 
'iZslat^TZrhan."      V  translator  of  the  Brit,^  Mon-„- 
oon  treats  of  the  Bishops  of  Durham,  under  the  following  Bead, 
vt  ■!!"  Cawlogue  of  the  Bishops  of  Landisfamc  first,  and  then. ;f 
Surham  ^    Thl  Cathedral  of  iJurham  is,  if  I  misuke  not,  ded - 
.^  eirst.  Cuthbert,  an  Irishman,  sixth  Bishop  of  the  See,  and 

most  eminent  for  literature  and  piety.    Camden  '"  ^^     f  ™f,;. 
notices  this  place  in  the  following  words  :-"  On  the  c(Mst  of  N^^^^^^ 

uniberland,  opposite  the  mouth  of  the  river  Lind,  lies  Lmdislarne, 
ra  ed  by  the  Britons  /„,m.d,ca«<..-Towards  the  mouth  lies  a 
lUtle  town,  with  a  church  and>;astle,  where  was  ''""ftly  <A.  A  e  ^Z 
a  BUluyp,  established  by  ^«a«,  the  Scot  (I"shmMi.)  This  Islan*, 
from  havin"  been  inhabited  by  Monks,  is  called  bv  the  baxoni-, 
"Holy  I  Und^of  which  Alcuin  writes  thus,  mlnsEp.ste  to 
E^ilred,  King  of  Northumberland :-"  The  place  exceeding  dl  for 
T«  erIbienessT  is  given  up  to  the  Pagan  ravages,  and  where  tU 
ehrLtanrel^on%ttolk  its  rise  ,„o«r  «a^;o«.  after  the  depar- 
ture of  St  Paufinusf^rom  York,  there  beg^n  miseries  and  calamities.  - 
If  i.  mo«t  srratifvine  to  possess  such  unequivocal  proofs  of  the 
bessin  s  lerfvedb^lnglan^from  this  Irish  establishment ;  and  I 
may  here  add,  thlt  there  are  stiU  remaining  some  relics  of  the 


10 

ancient  structure,   of  which  sketches  have  been  lately  taken    and 
exhibited  in  London.  ' 

Irishmen  were  also  the  founders  of  Episcopal  Sees  in  the  interior  of 
England.     Thus,  Bede  informs  us  that  Diuma,  an  Irishman    was 
die  first  ordained  Bishop  of  the  Midland  Angles,  and  kingdom  of 
Mercia,  (comprising  nearly  twenty  counties)  and  he  was  succeeded 
by   Ceollach,  another  Irishman.      William    of  Malmsbury   states 
that  m  the  time  of  Aldhelra,  ivho  was  himself  instructed  in  all  the 
liberal  sciences  hy  Maidulphus,   an   Irishman,    the   founder  of  tlie 
College  of  Malmsbury,)  the  Irishmen  were  "  Maxime  Dodos"  (the 
most  learned).— Lord   Camden,    in  his  history,  to  which    I  have 
already  referred,  speaking  of  the  foundation  of  Glastonbury,  says— 
''  In  those  early  ages  men  of  exemplary  piety  devoted   themselves 
here  to  God,  especially  the  Irish  who  were  maintained  at  the  King's 
expense,  and  instructed  youth  in  religion,   and  the  liberal  sciences  " 
Archbishop  Usher,  (Protestant  Primate  of  Ireland  200  years  a<^o) 
concludes  a  long  narrative  of  the  virtue  s,  lives,  and  labours  of  those 
Irish  Missionaries,   by   saying,  that  the  ''  bare  enumeration  of  the 
names,  not  to  talk   of  the  acts   of  the  distinguished  holy   men  of 
Ireland,  would  require  much  study  and  labour." 

Moreri,  the  compiler  of  a  voluminous  Dictionary,  much  approved 
by   the  celebrated  Bayle,  collects,  under  the   word   "  Ireland"  an 
interesting  sketch   of  the    labours  of  Irishmen,  in  the  diffusion  of 
Christianity,  civilization,  and  Hterature  all  over  the  world,  and  the 
foundation   of  Monasteries,  Schools,  and   Colleges   by  them.      He 
adds  "Ireland  has  given  the  most  distini>vished professors  to  the  most 
jamous   Universities  of  Europe;  as   Claudius  Clements   to   Paris 
Albuinus  to  Pavia  in  Italy,  Johanes  Scotus   Erigena  to  Oxford,  in 
England.     The  English  Saxons  received  from  the  Irish  their  charac- 
ters or  letters,  and  with  them  the  arts  and  sciences  which  have  flourished 
sifice  among  these  people,  as  Sir  James  Ware  proves  in  his  treatise  on 
the  Irish  writers,  chap.  13,  of  the  first  book,  where  may  be  seen  an 
account  of  the  celebrated  academies  and  public  schools  which  were 
maintained  in  Ireland  in  the  7th,  8th,  9th,  and  lOih  ages,  which  were 
resorted  to,    particularly   by   the  Anglo  Saxons,  the  French,  and 
ient  Britons,  who  were  all  received  there  with  greater  hospitahty 
anv        '*!  any  other  country  of  the  Christian   world.    And,  again,  he 
thanu         "^y    (^^®  ^"sh)    "were  inundated   by   the  irruption  of  a 
states,  tii.        'mber  of  Danes,  and  other  people  of  the  north,  who, 
frightful  nu        ""s  in   France,  and  about  the  same  time,  destroyetl 
like  the  Normv.       ^  their  Colleges  and  Monasteries,  put  to  death  an 
their  cities,  niine^      '^onks  and   Priest*,  and   reduced  that  country 
infinite  number  of  i»-       ^  historians  of  that  time  declare,  the  most 
'    (which  was  then,  as  the       -rsery  of  all  sciences  and   virtues,)  to  the 
civilised  of  Europe,  the  liu       \  it  should  not  be  imagined  that   this 
last  state  of  barbarism.      »»*       ng  continuance  ;  on   the   contrary, 
state  of  our  country   was  ^^  *^-       ticing  Giraldus  Cambrensis  and 
the  same  Sir  James  Ware,  *"^\  "''^.^rwegian  plunderers,  who.  In 
Jocelin,  observes--  Although  the  N.      ^.,  j^j^^^  ^^^  > 

iL  9th  age    ^^^^\,^,^^^2urc^^^^^  ^^  ^''>  neveXles^ 

destroyed  ahno^^^^^^^^     b-f^-  ^       ,,,    ,     the  eleventh  age  Ire. 

^^ta/.lS"V'-i/     /'^^--^  '°'^   and  learned  men. 


.    'll 


i» 


11 

Here  then  I  have  the  support  of  two  other  most  esteemed  and 
ekvated  Protestant  writers/L  my  assertion  of  the  -nk  -^^^^^^^^ 
of  mv  countrv.     But  I  must  return  for  a  moment  to  Lord  Ly  ttleton. 
1  wish  thatJu  those  who  endeavour  to  vilify    and  proscribe  our  hne 
country     and  our  venerable   ancestry,    would  only  condescend   to 
reTL  following  brief  extract  from   the  work  of  that   English 
Pro  estant  Peer ;  but,  still  more  earnestly,  would  1  recommend  its 
perS^^  those,  of  our  own  creed  and  country,  who,  while  they 
E  of  their  knowledge  of  Grecian  and  Roman  antiquities,  and  o 
^e  hilry  of  ti^^fr  cele^^^^^     men;  and  travel,  at  great  toil  am 
expen^^^^^^  distant  states,  never    never  turn  a  thmight 

to^he  amiquities  or  celebrated  men  of  the  land  of  their  birth, 
unl  ssindeel  to  ridicule  her  ^-torians  or  to  sco^r  s-er  a^^^^^ 
pretensions.  Often,  very  often,  my  good  friends,  when  farremoxeil 
from  these  scenes  of  my  youth,  have  1  dweh  with  shame  .and  pain 
Sn^-  c  S  this  detestable,  and  alas !  tx>o  prevalent 

hlbit  of  our  countrymen.    They  are  greatly  mistaken,  when  they 
imagine  that  such  conduct  is  approved  ^y  foreigners;  on   the  con- 
trary,  it  excites  unmhigated  contempt  and  disgust.     But,  I  thank 
God    that  I   can,    with  perfect   sincerity,  and  I   speak  advisedly 
dedar     that      already  anticipate  a  general  change  from  that  bad 
habit,  among  all  my  countrymen,  without  religious  distmction  ;  tcr, 
in  th^  maintenance  of  our' country's  honorable  fame  we  are  all, 
equally  concerned ;  and  it  would  be  the  greatest  mistake  imaginable 
to  suppose,  that  we  elevate  ourselves  in  the  estimation  of  good  men 
of  another  countrv  by  viUfyfng  or  disregarding  our  own       liie 
'ruly  glorious  attestations  to  her  merits    which  I  ^ave  selected^^^^^^^^^ 
a  mass  of  foreign,  and  particularly  and  prmcipally  British  Protest- 
anT  writers,  must  satisfy  every  man,  that  among  those  writers  there 
could  have  existed  no  disposition  to  promote  or  encourage  the  vihh- 
cation  of  Ireland.     It  is  a  very  painful  duty,  ^^^wever,  to  add    tnat 
•  1  cannot  make  the  same  boast  on  behalf  of  certam  British  Catholic 
writers,  of  the  present  day.     I  allude  particularly,  to  an  esteemed 
private  friend,  against  whose  omissions,  or  rather  suppressions,  for 
he  could  not  be  ignorant  of  the  facts,  I  persona  ly  remonstra  ed. 
and  which,  contrary  to  my  expectation,  have  not  been  rectified.- 
His  injustice  towards   Ireland   must  be  obnous   to  every  candid 
reader  of  his  "Book,"  acquainted  with  the  history  of  the  early  ages 
to  which  the  writer  refers ;  so  that  we  should  be  justified  m  applying 
to  him  the  stricture  pronounced  by  himself,  and  justly  tod,  upon 
his  controversial  play-mate.  Dr.   Southey,  "  on  theines  like   these 
how  much  iWd  justice  call  upon  you  to  dw^ell!       This  desire   to 
despoil   Irishmen  of  their   fair   fame   has   been,    more  generally, 
manifested  by  Scotch  writers,  whose  injustice,  ingratitude,  and  bare- 
faced  assumptions,   on  this  head,   have  been  long   notorious  and 
much   condemned  in  the  learned  world  ;    and  the  mgratitude  is 
the  less  to  be  excused,  when  we  recollect  that  no  writer,  of  ancient 
or  iDodern  times,  has  attempted  to  alledge,  that  the  generous  labours 
of  Irishmen,  on  behalf  of  Great  Britain,  were  any  other  than  purely 
liberal  and  gratuitous  contributions  to  the  happiness  of  her  people  ; 
for  which  no  return  was  ever  received  or  required.      Nor  is  it  to  be 
forgotten,  that,  at  the  time  when  those  great  services  were  rendered 


12 

by  Ireland  to  Britain,  the  two  islands  and  their  respective  govern- 
ments were  perfectly  free  and  independent  of  each  other,  and,  of 
course,  none  of  the  obligations  of  fellow-citizenship  could  have 
governed  that  conduct  of  Ireland. 

Our  inestimable  author.  Lord  Lyttleton,  says : — 

••We  learn  from  Bede,  an  Anglo  Saxon,  that  about  the  seventh  centurj-, 
(being  the  period  of  the  institution  of  this  monastery  of  Mayo)  numbers  both  of 
the  noble  and  second  rank,  of  English,  left  their  country,  and  retired  out  of 
England  into  Ireland,  for  the  sake  of  studying  theology,  or  leading  there  a 
stricter  life  ;  and  all  these,  he  affirms,  the  Irish,  (whom  he  calls  Scots,)  most  wit- 
linfly  received  and  maintained,  at  their  own  charge;  supplyiiiff  them  with  books,  and 
being  their  teachers,  without  fee  or  reward ;  which  Is  a  most  honourable  testimony, 
not  only  to  the  learning,  but  likewise  to  the  hospitality  and  bounty  of  that 
nation  !  Great  praise  is  likewise  due  to  the  piety  of  those  Irish  Ecclesiastics,  who, 
(as  we  know  from  the  clear  and  unquestionable  testimony  of  many  foreign 
writers,)  made  themselves  the  apostles  of  barbarous  heathen  nations,  without 
any  apparent  inducement  to  such  hazardous  undertakings,  except  the  merit 
4      1  ^  work.    By  the  preaching  of  these  men,  the  Northumbrians,  the  East 

Angles,  a^i  the  Northern  Picts,  were  converted Convents  were  also  founded 

by  tliem  in  Burgundy,  Germany,  and  other  foreign  countries,  where  they  dis- 
tinguished themselves  by  the  rigid  integrity  and  the  purity  of  their  lives;  so 
that  Ireland,  from  the  opinion  conceived  of  their  sanctity,  was  called  the  Coun- 
try of  Saints."— And,  again,  when  referring  to  the  atrocities  of  the  northern 
invaders  of  Ireland,  he  adds :—"  The  fierce  spirit  of  their  religion  increasing 
the  natural  barbai-ity  of  their  minds,  they  turned  their  rage  more  particularly 
against  the  clergy,  whom  they  massacred  without  mercy  :  and  in  their  hatred 
to  them,  burned  their  books,  their  schools,  and  their  convents.  Among  the 
many  learned  men  who  were  driven  by  the  terror  of  this  persecution  to  take 
refuge  abroad,  none  distinguished  themselves  more  than  Albin  and  Clement, 
whom  the  Emperor  Charles  the  Great  received  in  his  Court,  and  honoured  with 
K  ^^^^^^'  ^^  *^he  last  of  these  it  is  said,  by  a  contemporary  Geriran  writer, 
that,  through  his  instt  uctions ,  the  French  might  vie  with  the  Romans' and  the  Athenians. 
John  Erigena,  whose  surname  denoted  his  country,  (Ere  or  Erin  being  the  pro- 
per name  of  Ireland.)  became,  soon  afterwards,  famous  for  his  learning  and 
good  parts,  both  in  England  and  France.  Thus  did  most  of  the  lights,  which  in  those 
limes  of  thick  darkness  cast  their  beams  over  Europe,  proceed  ovt  of  Ireland!  The 
loss  of  the  manuscripts,  which  the  ravages  of  the  Pagans  destroyed,  is  much 
bewailed  by  the  Irish,  who  treat  of  the  history  and  antiquities  of  their  country, 
and  which  may  well  be  deemed  a  misfortune,  not  only  to  them,  but  to  the  viholc 
learned  world"  j  >  .f 

Nor  was  it  by  the  English  and  Scotch,  only,  that  Ireland  was 
frequented,  for  the  purpose  of  obtaining  instruction.  The  same 
spirit  that  induced  our  ancestors  to  send  forth  missionaries  to  foreign 
states,  led  them  to  invite  foreigners  to  receive  education  in  our 
island :  thus,  venerable  Bede  informs  us,  that  Agilbert,  Bishop  of 
the  We%i  Saxons,  "  was  a  native  of  France,  but  had  lived  a  long 
time  in  Ireland,  for  the  purpose  of  studying  the  Sacred  Scriptures." 
And,  in  order  to  prove  that  the  labours  of  our  country,  in  extend- 
ing religion  and  science,  embraced  all  practicable  modes  of  attain- 
ing the  object,  we  may  observe  that  venerable  Bede  also  testifies, 
that  Egbert,  the  celebrated  British  missionary,  had  been  educated 
in  Ireland,  where  the  illustrious  Archbishop  Wildibrord,  another 
English  missionary  to  the  Netherlands  and  parts  of  Germany,  and 
follower  of  the  example  of  Egbert,  was  also  educated,  for  twelve 
years;  of  whom  (Wildibrord)  Alcuinus  says — " Nufrivit  studiis 
Hibernia  sacris."  And  again,  "  that  Britannia  was  his  fruitful 
parent,  but  Ireland  his  "  c/ara  Magisira." 

Am  not  I  then,  after  such  proofs,  well  justified  in  claiming,  for 
our  too  long  vilified  country,  a  rank  not  only  equal  but  superior  to 
that  of  any  other  nation  ?  The  labours  of  Ireland,  the  excellence 
of  her  sons,  in  all  the  liberal  sciences,  were  not  confined  within  her 
own  territorial  extent.  With  a  profuse  generosity,  she  shared  her 
blessings  among  all  the  nations  of  the  earth.    Neither  was  her 


»!• 


'i%-' 


fei 


13 

eminence  in  science  and  civilization  limited  to  a  few  years,  or  a 
single  age — no,  it  embraced  many  centuries.     Mark,  however,  that 
Lord  Lyttleton  does  not  stand  alone  in  this  gratifying  testimony ;  on 
the  contrary,    you  have  observed  that  other  English  writers  were 
equally  loud  in  their  praises  of  our  country's  fame.     I  shall  refer, 
once  more,  to  that  other  English   Protestant,  Camden,  who,  in 
addition  to  what  I  have  already  extracted  from  his  works,  says,  in 
concurrence  with  many  othe|^  writers,  whose  names  it  is  not  neces- 
sary to  recite — "  No  men  came  up  to  the  Irish  Monks  in  Ireland 
AND  Britain,  for  sanctity  and  learning,  and  they  sent  forth  swarms 
of  hoh/ men  all  over  Europe :  to  whom  the  monasteries  of  Luxueil 
in  Biirgundy,  Pavia  in  Italy,  Wurtzburgh  in  Franconia,   St.  Gall 
in  Switzerland,  Malmesbury,  Lindisfarne,  and  many  others,  owed 
their  origin."     He  then   recites   a  list  of  eminent   Irishmen,  and 
adds— "of  these  Monks  we  are  to    understand    Henricus   Anti- 
siodorensis,  when  he  writes,  thus,  to  Charles  the  Bald,  (middle  of 
the  9th  century)  —''  AVhy  should  I  mention  almost  all  Ireland,  with 
its  crowd  of  Philosophers,  despising   the  dangers  of  the  sea,  and 
flocking  to  our  shores .>''     And,    in  another  part,  he  adds — "The 
Saxons  (English)   also,   at  that  time,  flocked  to  Ireland,  from  all 
quarters,  as  to  a  mart  of  literature.     \Vlience  we  frequently  meet, 
in  our  writers  of  the  lives  of  Saints,  "  such  an  one  was  sent  over  to 
Ireland  for  education ;''  and  in  the  life  of  Sulgenus,  (who  lived  600 

years  ago;) 

*•  Exemplo  patrum  commotus,  amore  legend!, 
Ivit  ad  Hibernos,  sophia  mirabile  Claros,'» 
(Moved  by  the  example  of  his  ancestors,  he  went,  in  search  of  literature, 
to  the  Irish,  who  were  distinguished  for  wonderful  science.) 

Both  of  these  eminent  historians  accord  with  their  Anglo-Saxon 
predecessor,  Aldhelm,  to  whom  I  have  already  referred,  and  who 
is  estimated  as  the  most  learned  of  his  times  ;  nay,  we  are  told  by 
William  of  Malmesbury,  that  he  was  the  first  Anglo-Saxon  that 
wrote  Latin.  He  writes  thus  to  Eadfride  (A.  D.  690)  that  "  the 
Students  resorted  to  Ireland  from  England  in  such  crowds  as  to  re- 
(juire  Jleets  to  carry  them  ;— and,  again,  he  says — "  Ireland  is  a 
rich  and  blooming  country  of  Scholars,  as  I  may  say ;  you  might 
as  soon  reckon  the  stars  of  Heaven  as  enumerate  her  Students." 

Sir  James  Ware,  in  his  dedicatory  epistle,  prefixed  to  his  treatise 
on  Irish  writers,  says :  "  From  the  relics  of  those  times,  any  im- 
partial man  must  perceive  the  state  of  Literature  of  every  age,  from 
the  dawn  of  Christianity  down  to  his  own  times"  (1635);  and,  in 
his  address  to  the  reader,  (1636)  that  "it  will  result  from  all  the 
evidence  on  the  subject,  that  Ireland,  for  ages  after  the  coming  of 
St.  Patrick,  abounded  with  most  learned  persons ;  and,  on  account 
of  the  multitude  of  most  holy  men,  as  well  those  resident  therein, 
as  those  who  departed  to  foreign  countries  to  gain  sonls  to  Christ, 
was  justly  called  the  Island  of  Saints." 

This  same  Sir  James  Ware  enumerates  the  names  of  one  hundred 
and  fifty-six  Irish  writers,  who  flourished  in  the  different  ages,  from 
the  5th  to  the  16th,  and  tells  us  that  the  10th  age  was  called  by  the 
Irish  sceculum  ohscurum  et  infelix,  on  account  of  the  few  eminent 
men  it  produced.  Mosheim,  so  much  esteemed  as  a  protestant 
writer,  uses  these  words ;    "  That  the  Irish  were  lo\'ers  of  learniT^g, 


14 

and  distinguished  themselves  in  those  times  of  ignorance,  by  the 
culture  of  the  sciences,  beyond  all  other  European  nations, 
travelling  the  most  distant  lands,  with  a  view  to  improve  and  com- 
municate their  knowledge,  is  a  fact  with  which  I  have  been  long 
acquainted ;  as  we  see  them  in  the  most  authentic  records  of  an- 
tiquity, discharging,  with  the  highest  reputation  and  applause,^  the 
functions  of  Doctors  in  France,  Gerrtiany  and  Italt/  ;"  and  Scaliger, 
"the  younger,  says,  that  "for  two  hundred  years  after  the  time  of 
Charlemagne,    (A.  D.  800)  all  the  truli/  learned  men   were  from 

Ireland."  ,      .  . 

I  have  confined  myself,  principally,  to  English  authorities,  and 
every  one  of  them  of  the  highest  reputation  ;  I  could  have  no  diffi- 
culty in  naming  a  large  number  of  Foreign  writers,  equally  respect- 
able, and  equally  contributors  to  our  fame.  Suffice  it  to  say,  that 
the  calendar  of  the  Church  contains  the  names  of  many  Irishmen, 
and  that  there  is  scarcely  a  district,  of  any  extent,  on  the  Continent 
of  Europe,  that  does  not  honour  the  name  of  some  Irishman,  as  an 
Apostle  or  tutelary  Saint.  I  might  here  quote  several  instances  in 
Italy,  France,  Germany,  &c.,  but  I  cannot  suppose  it  possible 
that  the  proofs  I  have  already  adduced  can  require  much  additional 
confirmation,  in  any  fair  and  rational  mind. 

It  is  admitted  by  the  French  nation,  that  their  University  of  Paris 
was  founded  by  an  Irishman  ;  and  I  do  not  think  there  is  any  doubt 
but  the  Universities  of  Oxford,  Cambridge,  and  Dublin,  derived 
their  origin,  as  literary  Institutions,  from  similar  sources.  Sir 
James  Ware,  in  his  treatise  upon  Irish  writers,  distinctly  states— 
"  Johannes  Erigena,  (that  is  the  Irishman)  in  the  year  884  or  883, 
being  invited  by  King  Alfred,  came  into  England  (from  France,) 
and  the  King  used  his  labours  in  a  few  years  after  in  the  re-establish- 
ment of  science  at  Oxford ;  where  it  is  stated  by  the  same  writer 
and  others,  he  taught  geometry  and  astronomy ;  and  1  may  here 
notice,  that  busts  of  King  Alfred  aud  of  Johannes  Erigena,  having 
been  discovered  there,  are  now  pointed  out  to  visiters  as  objects  of 
peculiar  respect.  In  a  small  volume,  entitled  ''  The  Foundation 
of  the  Universitie  of  Oxford,"  by  Thomas  Jenntr,  (A.  D.  1651,) 
the  writer,  after  stating  various  opinions  as  to  the  origin  of  that 
University,  proceeds :— "  But  the  chiefest  agree  that  Alfred,  of  some 
called  Alured,  King  of  the  West  Saxons,  about  the  year  872,  was 
the  chief  and  principal  founder  thereof ;  and  that  (besides,  the 
ancient  hostles  for  scholars,  which  it  is  evident  were  there 
remaining  after  many  overthrows  of  war,)  he  caused  to  be  erected 
therein  three  Colleges  or  public  Schools,  for  the  teaching  of  gram- 
mar, philosophy,  and  divinity,  sending  thither  his  own  son 
Ethelward."  It  is  stated  by  several  writers,  and  sanctioned  by 
Primate  Usher,  that  three  most  learned  Irishmen,  namely 
Duflanus,  jVIacbaethus,  and  Magilmumenus,  had  proceeded  to 
Alfred ;  and  it  is  not  unreasonable  to  conjecture,  that  those  three 
learned' men  superintended  the  three  Colleges,  which  that  King 
established.  The  words  of  the  learned  Usher,  are—"  Fabius 
Etheiwardus,  and  the  Saxon  annals  state,  that  three  Irishmen  came 
from  Iteland  in  the  year  891,  to  Alfred,  King  of  the  Enghsh  ; 
Duflanus  first,  Macbaethus  second,  Maciinniunus,  or  Magilmumenus 


^ 


15 

third  ;"  who  is  described  by  Usher,  and  others,  as  "  artihus  fron." 
dens,  littera  doctus,  magister  insignis"  The  most  eminent  writers, 
as  Ingulphus,  Asserius,  William  of  Malraesbury,  and  I  think 
Alfred  himself,  and  after  them,  Boethus,  all  agree  that  Johannes 
Erigena  had  been  previously  invited  over  by  that  King ;  and  add, 
that  the  education  of  the  Royal  children  was  confided  to  him ;  all 
which  circumstances  furnish  most  cogent  evidence,  to  prove,  that 
the  literary  Institution  of  Oxford  owed  its  origin  to  Irishmen.  Be- 
sides, it  is  to  be  borne  in  mind,  that  there  was  no  country  in  Europe 
Mt  the  time  so  capable  as  Ireland  of  furnishing  those  learned  men, 
whom  Alfred  must  have  sought  to  procure,  for  the  estabhshment 
of  his  favourite  College. 

Now,  as  to  Cambridge  University,  we  find  it  stated  in  the 
"  Antiquitates  Cantabrigiensis  Academiee,"  by  Johannes  Caius, 
written  about  260  years  ago,  that  Johannes  Erigena  was,  as  writers 
assert,  "  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Academy  of  Cambridge."  Jen- 
ner,  whose  opinions  as  to  the  original  foundation  of  Oxford  Univer- 
sity, I  have  already  noticed,  wrote  a  similar  treatise  upon  tlie 
"  Foundation  of  the  University  of  Cambridge" — and  he  states,  "  the 
chiefest  conclude  and  agree,  that  Sigibert,  King  of  the  East  Angles, 
was  the  principal  founder  thereof,  about  the  year  630  and  636." 
We  have  already  seen  that  this  King  was  converted,  together  with 
many  of  his  subjects  to  Christianity,  by  Furseus  and  Finanus,  both 
Irishmen,  and  also,  that  all  the  learned  men  in  Britain,  at  that 
time,  were  Irishmen.  Moreover,  that  age,  (the  7th)  was  the  most 
distinguished  of  all,  for  the  number  of  learned  men  of  Ireland ;  and 
we  find  accordingly,  that  in  Sir  James  Ware's  list  of  Irish  writers, 
he  mentions  a  larger  number  within  that  age,  than  within  any  other. 
So  that,  whether  the  University  of  Cambridge  was  founded  in  the 
time  of  Alfred,  or  before  his  reign,  in  the  time  of  Sigibert,  all  the 
probabilities  concur  in  demonstrating,  that,  in  either  case,  it  com- 
menced its  literary  fame  under  the  auspices  and  direction  of 
Irishmen. 

The  foundation  of  Trinity  College,  Dublin,  is  considered  by  many 
to  have  originated  with  Queen  Elizabeth. — That  is  a  great  mistake ; 
she  did  no  more  for  it  than  to  allow  it  a  participation  in  the  general 
plunder  of  the  ancient  Religious  and  Literary  Institutions  of  our 
country  ;  for  the  loss  of  which,  it  is  a  very  miserable  compensation, 
indeed.  That  University,  now  the  only  one  of  very  many  hundreds 
once  subsisting  in  our  country,  was  founded  by  Alexander  Bignor, 
Archbishop  of  Dublin,  (A.  D.  1320)  and  confirmed  by  Pope  John 
22nd.  Johannes  Lechus,  the  predecessor  of  Alexander,  commenced 
it  under  the  auspices  of  Pope  Clement  3th,  but  did  not  complete  it. 
So  that  here  we  find  the  three  Universities  of  England  and  Ireland, 
all  deriving  their  original  fame  and  rank,  as  literary  institutions, 
from  our  vihfied  Catholic  Ireland :  and,  at  this  day,  we  are  exclud- 
ed from  the  honours  and  most  of  the  advantages  of  each,  for  no 
other  reason  than  because  we  do  not  consent  to  apostatize  from  the 
religion  of  their  founders,  and  of  those  eminent  teachers,  who  for 
more  than  six  centuries  brought  honour  and  praise  to  two  of  them. 

Upon  these  testimonies  1  rest  the  first  part  of  my  case  ,*  and  I 
insist,  with  confidence,  that  1  have,  fully  and  satisfactorily,  proved 


16 

the  claims  of  Ireland,  generally,  upon  the  other  nations  of  Europe, 
and  most  of  ail  upon  Great  Britain,  for  sympathy  and  aid,  at  the 
present  day,  such  as  we  solicit ;  and,  on  behalf  of  this  ancient  site 
of  Mayo,  I  demand  a  participation  in  this  general  right.  We  come, 
now,  to  the  consideration  of  the  second  branch  of  the  subject, 
namely,  the  peculiar  claims  of  the  inhabitants  of  this  Parish  of 
Mayo  upon  British  gratitude  and  regard. 

The   Monastery   and   College,    whose  ruins  now    surround   us, 
endured,  not  only  all  the  ravages  of  Pagan  and  less  ancient  hostili- 
ties, but   also  repeated   injuries  from   fire ;  so   that,  it  would   be 
difficult,  if  not   impossible,  to  trace,  in   this   country,   any   of  its 
records.     But,  even  in  its  present  dilapidated  state,  there  is  still 
sufficient  remaining  to  prove  that  it  must  have  comprised  buildings 
of  vast  extent,  of  beautiful  form  and  symmetry,  and  embellished 
with   much  ornamental  architecture  and  sculpture.     The  story  of 
its  original  institution  and  uses  is,  fortunately,  as  well  authenticated, 
and  as  precisely  narrated,  as  it  is  possible  for  any  fact  to  be,  in  any 
period  of  the  history  of  this  or  any  other  country.    We  are  indebted 
for  it  to  the  same    English  historian,  venerable  Bede ;  and  when 
we  recollect  that  he  was  born  before  its  founder  died,  and  may, 
therefore,  be  almost  considered  to  have  been  contemporary  with  him, 
the  accuracy  of  the  statement  cannot  be  controverted.     The  account 
is  given  in  the  4th  chapter  of  the  Uh  book  of  Bede's  history  of  the 
Primitive  Church  of  England  to  which  I   have  so  often  referred. 
"  Bishop  Colraan,  (says  the  venerable  historian,)  who,  as  we  before 
observed,  was  a  native  of  Ireland,  on  his  return  home,  took  with 
him  all  his  countrymen,  and  about  thirty  Englishmen,  who,  under 
his  directions,  had  been  educated  in  the  Isle  of  Lindisfarne  ;    and 
leaving  some  English  Monks  there,  he  first  went  to  the  Isle  of  Hii, 
(called  also  lona  and  Icombkille)  from  which  he  had  formerly  been 
sent   to  preach    the    Christian  faith    to    the  English    nation;  and 
afterwards,  to  a  very  small  Isle,  which  lies  at  a  distance  from  Ire- 
land, to  the  west,  and  is  called  by  the  Irish  Innisbovinde,  that  is, 
the  Isle  of  the  White  Calf,"  (now  Innisboffin,  about  25  or  30  miles 
from  this  place.)— Here  he  built  a  Monastery  and  placed  in  it  the 
Monks  of  both  nations  who  had  accompanied  him.     But  these  soon 
disagreed,  on  account  of  the  different  customs  of  different  nations ; 
for,  the  Irish  were   accustomed   to   leave   the   Monastery    in    the 
Summer  season,  at  the  time  of  harvest,  and  to  wander  about  such 
places  as  were  well  known  to  them ;    and  then,    as  soon   as  the 
winter  came,  they  would  return  and  expect  their  part  in  the  pro- 
visions   which  the  English   had  collected  at    home,    which  they 
thought  unreasonable  to  allow  them.     To  remedy  this  dissension, 
therefore,  Colman  travelled  far  and  near,  till  at  length  he  found 
a  commodious   place,    called   by   the    Irish   Ma  jo,    for    building 
another  Monastery  in  the  island  of  Ireland.    There  he  procuretl 
a  plot  of   ground  from  the  proprietor  to  whom  it  belonged ;  this 
condition  being    also   added,  that  the  Monks,  who  should  reside 
in  the  Monastery,  should  offer  their  prayers  to  God,  for  him  who 
let  them  have  the  ground.     Thus,  a  new  Monastery  being  soon 
erected,  by  the  assistance  of  the  proprietor  and  all  their  neighbours, 
he  placed  'the  English   alone   in    it,   the    Irish    being  leit   at    the 


i 


17 

above  mentioned  isle.  The  same  Monastery  is,  to  this  day,  possess- 
ed  by  the  English  Monks,  and  is  now  commonly  called  Injuges 
having  been,  of  late,  greatly  enlarged.  Here,  (says  Bede,  when 
writing  about  the  year  730)  resides  a  famous  congregation 
of  religious  Monks,  assembled  from  diferent  mrts  of  England, 
who  are  much  reformed  in  their  institute,  and  foUowmg  the  edify- 
ing example  of  their  venerable  founder  and  patron,  live,  by  the 
labour  of  their  hands,  in  the  most  sincere  dispositions  of  piety  and 
virtue,  under  the  direction  of  a  Canonical  Abbot," 

This  is  the  account  given  by  Bede,  who  wrote,  only  65  years 
after  the  foundation  of  this  Monastery,  which  was  in  the  year 
665,  being  the  year  after  the  discussion  in  England,  respecting 
the  time  for  observing  Easter,  in  consequence  of  which  Bishop 
Colman,  or  Colmanus,  who  took  a  principal  part  in  it,  returned, 
in  dissatisfaction,  to  Ireland ;  but,  his  care  of  the  English  Monks 
proves,  that  he  was  not  influenced  by  any  unworthy  or  unchristian 

prejudices.  . 

Primate  Usher,  referring  to  this  account,  says,  «m  which  place 
(Magio  or  Mayo)  as  we  have  heard  that,  in  the  time  of  Bede,  there 
was  a  magnificent  Monastery,  so  also  the  compiler  of  the  Book 
of  Ballimote  establishes,  that  in  the  time  of  St.  Cormac  and 
Adamnanus,  it  was  the  residence  of  a  hundred  English  Monks'  ^^ 

Mervin   Archdall,    publisher   of  the  ''  Monasticon  Hibemicon" 
states    thst    the   Monastery    of    Mayo,  called    Magio  na  Sassan, 
(Mayo  of  the  English  or  Saxons)   was  founded  A.  D.  665,  and 
that  the  building  covered  half  an  acre  of  ground.     In  the  9th  cen- 
tury it    was  pillaged    and  destroyed    by    Turgesius,   the  Danish 
invader.     It  was  rebuilt  for  the  English  Monks  and  Students,  but 
destroyed  by  fire,  in  908.     It  was  again  rebuilt  for  them,  but  was 
consumed  by  fire,  a  second  time,  in   1169.     It  was  plundered  by 
an  English  Chieftain  in  the  year  1204;  and,   in  the  year  1380, 
when   the   English   Government  obtained  a  settlement,    the  only 
reward  given  to  the  Irish  for  all  those    repeated   liberal  services, 
during  700  years,  was  an  enactment,  that  no  mere  Irishman  should 
be  permitted  to  make  his  profession  there.    At  the  period  of  the 
Reformation  it  was  a  victim,  with    one  thousand  others   of   our 
ancient  institutions,  to  the  spirit  of  those  times ;  and,  at  this  mo- 
ment, the  only  remnants  we  have  of  its  ancient  greatness  are  the 
mouldering  walls  that  we  now  behold.    Our   traditions  inform  us 
that  it  contained,  at  one  time,  two  thousand  English  and  Foreign 
Monks  and  Students ;  that  the  Great  Alfred,  himself,  had  visited 
it;  that  one  of  his    sons  was  a  student  and  resident  in   it,  and, 
having  died  here,  his  remains  now  lie'  interred,  a  few  paces  from 
us,  in  a  corner  of  the  grave  yard,  near  the  road.     There  is  nothing 
improbable  in  this  ;  as  we  have  seen  that  Irish  Monks  were  selected 
by  that  illustrious  Monarch  for  the  instruction  of  his  children,  and 
the  institution  of  his  Colleges,  and  there  could  be  nothing  more 
likely,  than  that  he  should  have  sent  one  of  those  children  to  the 
fountain  head  of  science  and  holiness.     We  can  also  point  to  the 
graves  of  two  Royal  Princes  of  France ;  while  the  rehcs  of  many 
thousand  English,  of  lesser  rank,  are  deposited  around  us,  unpro- 
tected against  those  swine  which,  while  I  speak  to  you,  are  turning 


18 

up  their  graves ;  nay,  as  I  passed  along  I  noticed  that  the  earth, 
which,  according  to  tradition,  and  in  such  cases  tradition  is  entitled 
to  much  respect ;  that  earth,  I  say,  which  covers  the  remaisns  of 
the  sainted  founder,  has  been  rooted  up.  My  friends,  my  friends, 
these  are  melancholy  reflections ;  the  worldling  may  scoff  at  us  for 
mourning  over  them ;  our  enemies  may  exult  over  us :  but  no, 
oh  !  no,  our  human  nature,  lowly  and  perverted  as  it  may  sometimes 
be,  cannot  become  so  entirely  debased.  These,  these  my  friends, 
are  the  real  records  of  Ireland,  and  the  country  that  can  boast  of 
them,  never,  never,  should  be  dishonoured,  disclaimed  or  neglected 
by  her  children.  An  Irishman  was  the  founder  of  this  Monastery — 
an  Irishman  granted  the  ground  on  which  it  stands — Irishmen 
supported  it — Irishmen  rebuilt  it  when  destroyed  by  the  invader,  or 
consumed  by  fire ;  while  Englishmen,  alone,  enjoyed  all  its  ad- 
vantages and  blessings.  I  do  not  think  that  your  appeal  to  England, 
founded  upon  such  facts,  can  be  wholly  unavailing. 

Dr.  Johnson,  in  his  "  Tour  to  the  Hebrides,"  to  which  I  have 
referred  before,  tells  us,  that  when  he  visited  the  island  of  lona, 
(where  the  celebrated  Irish  Institution  was  established  in  the  6th 
century,  and  continued  dispersing  the  choisest  blessings  of  religion 
and  science  to  the  world,  for  nearly  a  thousand  years)  there  were 
the  remains  of  two  Convents  and  Churches,  and  five  other  Chapels 
standing.  ''  We  were  now,  (he  writes)  treading  that  illustrious 
island,  which  was  once  the  luminary  of  the  Caledonian  regions, 
whence  savage  clans  and  roving  barbarians  derived  the  benefits  of 
knowledge,  and  the  blessings  of  religion."  Oh !  most  gratifying 
testimony  to  the  fame  of  our  country,  and  the  labours  of  her  chil- 
dren. He  proceeds : — "  That  man  is  little  to  be  envied,  whose 
patriotism  would  not  gain  force  upon  the  plains  of  Marathon,  or 
whose  piety  would  not  grow  warm  among  the  ruins  of  lona."  And 
shall  we,  my  friends,  be  blamed,  because  we  cannot  stand  wholly 
unmoved,  among  the  ruins  and  the  tombs  of  Mayo.'*  It  cannot 
be.  Mark,  again,  the  similarity  of  our  condition,  when  he  adds : — 
"  This  island,  which  was  once  the  metropolis  of  learning  and  piety, 
has  now  no  school  for  education,  or  temple  for  worship."  And  oh, 
how  gladly  do  I  adopt  the  sentiment  which  his  parting  words  excite, 
when  he  says,  "  Perhaps  in  the  Revolution  of  the  world,  lona  may 
be  sometime,  again,  the  instructress  of  the  western  region  !"  Let  us 
substitute ;  "  Perhaps  in  the  changes  of  the  world.  Mayo,  yes, 
our  own  Mayo,  may  be  sometime,  again,  the  hospitable  friend,  the 
instructress  and  the  asylum  of  Englishmen ! !" 

Dr.  Johnson  was  a  Protestant ;  nor  was  he  the  only  Protestant 
who  mourned  the  destruction  of  the  Monastic  Institutions  of  these 
Islands  ;  even  Sir  Edward  Coke,  was  of  the  number,  because,  as 
he  says,  they  ''  provided  alms  for  the  poor  and  education  for  the 
rich.''  Marsham,  a  Protestant,  in  his  preface  to  Steven's  additional 
volumes  of  the  Monasticon  Anglicanum,  introduces  these  words : — 
"  Our  Monasteries  have  long  since  perished,  nor  have  we  any  foot- 
steps left  of  the  piety  of  our  ancestors,  besides  the  tattered  walls, 
and  deplorable  ruins.  We  see,  alas !  we  see  the  most  august 
Churches  and  stupendous  monuments  dedicated  to  the  eternal  God, 
than  which  nothing  can  be  now  more  defaced,  under  the  specious 


k- 


M 


I 


<       I 


19 

pretence  of  superstition,  most  filthily  defiled,  and  expecting  utter 
destruction.  Horses  are  stabled  at  the  Altar  of  Christ,  and  the 
relics  of  martyrs  are  dug  up."  How  beautifully,  yet  severely,  does 
Denhara,  another  Protestant,  notice  the  destruction  of  the  Monas- 
teries, in  his  poem  of  "  Cowper's  Hill :" — 

"  Who  sees  those  dismal  heaps,  but  will  demand. 
What  barbarous  invader  sacked  the  land  ? 
But  when  he  hears  no  Goth,  no  Turk  did  bring 
This  desolation,  but  a  christian  King; 
When  nothing  but  the  name  of  zeal  appears 
'Twixt  our  best  actions,  and  the  worst  of  theirs. 
What,  can  he  think,  our  Sacrilege  would  spare, 
When  such  the  etfects  of  our  devotion  are  ? 

Surely,  when  such  sentiments    are  expressed  by  English  Pro- 
testants, for  Denham,  though  of  Irish  birth,  was  reared  in  England, 
it  cannot  be  made  a  matter  of  serious  charge  against  Irish  Catholics 
that  they  should  be  willing  to  credit  those  proud  testimonies  to  the 
fame,  and  above  all,  the  literary  fame  of  their  ancestors,  whom  it 
is  the  fashion  of  the  times  to  decry,  and  not  un frequently  to  dis- 
claim, as   an   uncivilized  uncultivated  race  of    barbarians!     How 
triumphantly  can  we  answer  them,  from  this  spot !     Indeed,  there 
is  not  a  part  of  our  island  more  abounding  in  the  excitement  of  such 
reflections.     We  see,  at  the  short  distance  of  fifteen  miles  from  us, 
the  mountain  of  Croagh  Patrick,  upon  which  our  first  Apostle  com- 
menced his  Heaven-born  mission ;  while,  at  an  equal  distance  from 
us,  rest  the  remains  of  the  last  of  the  Kings  of  Ireland,  Roderick, 
among  the  splendid  ruins  of  Cong.     If  you  turn  to  the  west,  you 
behold  the  ruins  of  Burriscara,    of  Ballintubber,  of  Oughaval,  of 
Murrisk,  and  of  that  Innisboffin,  or   Innisbovinde,  in  which  we 
have  seen   that  Colmanus  first  established  a  monastery,  before  he 
settled  here.     If  you  look  to  the  east  you  see  those  of  Ballinsmalla 
and  Ballyhaunis,  aiid  towards  the  south,    the  seven  Churches  of 
Tuam,  now  ahnost  razed  to  the  ground,  and  Abbey-Knockmoy  ; 
towards   the  north,    those  of  Strade,    Benada,    Moyne,   &:c.,  and 
towards  the  south,  those  of  Ballinrobe,  Cong,  Ross,  Clare-galway, 
and  Galway.     Nor  should  I  overlook  the  splendid  ruins  of  Borris- 
hoole,  only  seventeen  miles  distant  from  us,  upon  the  coast,  where 
one  thousand  students,  at  one  time,  received  their  education ;  nor 
the  ancient  relics  of  the  island  of  Clare  Island,  of  Innisglora  and  of 
Innishmeena,  not  much  further  distant.     I  could  recount  upwards 
offorty  of  them,  within  less  than   forty  miles  of  this  monastery, 
and  yet,  we  are  told  that  our  ancestors,  who  founded  them,  and 
erected  those  beautiful  buildings,  were  barbarous  and  uncivilized  ! 

These  splendid  edifices  constitute  the  defence  of  our  ancestry ; 
every  one  of  them  contradicts  their  calumniators.  Let  me  suppose 
for  a  moment,  that  any  traveller  over  the  countries  which  formed 
the  states  of  ancient  Greece,  or  Rome,  were  to  write,  that  within 
forty  miles  of  some  place  where  he  had  rested,  there  stood  more 
than  forty  ruins  of  religious  and  literary  establishments,  many,  nay, 
most  of  which  bore  marks  of  ancient  splendour  and  magnificence ; 
would  not  his  reader  hesitate  in  his  confidence,  and  the  caution  be 
considered  not  more  than  reasonables?  But,  let  the  doubting  reader 
come  here  ;  let  him  visk  our  tottering  walls  of  Mayo,  and  any  one, 
the  very  youngest  amongst  us,  will  point  out  to  him  how  he  can 


h 


20 

realize  the  story ;  yes,  here  in  uncivilized  Ireland  ! !— Let  us,  on 
the  other  hand,  suppose  that  there  were,  at  this  day,  even  one  such 
vast  literary  or  religious  Institution  existing  in  our  Province,  instead 
of  forty  in  the  limited  district  to  which  I  have  referred,  would  not 
it  be  the  subject  of  general  boasting,  and  the  object  of  general  curio- 
sity  and  admiration  ?  But,  there  is  no  such  one— no,  not  one 
within  our  Province,  in  this  age  of  civilization ;  whereas  we  could 
point  to  fuUy  a  hundred  large  and  small  within  the  same  Province, 
which  had  existed  in  the  times  of  our  uncivilized  ancestors,  who 
invited,  received,  supported,  and  educated,  gratuitously,  crowds  ot 
Students,  from  all  the  nations  of  Europe,  and  most  particularly 
England.  Those  who  upbraid  us,  at  the  present  day,  should  recol- 
lect, that  if  our  People  are  uneducated,  the  fault  is  not  with  that 
People  but  with  those  who  demolished  their  institutions,  plundered 
their  hbraries,  burned  their  books,  and  persecuted  their  teachers ; 
with  those  British  laws  which,  until  a  very  late  period,  made  it  a 
felony  for  an  Irish  Cathohc  to  teach  or  to  be  taught,  and  with  that 
bad  spirit,  which,  even  at  the  present  day,  influences  all  those 
functionaries,  who  are  entrusted  with  public  money,  for  the  pro- 
motion of  education  among  the  poor  of  Ireland :  while  the  higher 
classes  of  Irish  Catholics  are,  as  we  have  ahready  seen,  excluded 
from  any  participation  in  those  inducements  to  the  cultivation  of 
genius,  which  are  provided  by  our  only  University.  As  well  might 
the  Turk  upbraid  the  Greek  for  his  lowhness,  as  the  British  Legis- 
lator upbraid  the  Irish  Catholic,  of  the  present  day,  for  the  defects 
of  his  education  !  Those  who  reproach  us  with  a  disregard  of 
education,  should  be  prepared  to  answer  all  enquiries  as  to  the  ap- 
propriation of  that  property  which  was  taken  from  the  Monasteries, 
and  which  was,  in  Catholic  times,  so  liberally  applied,  as  we  have 
seen,  to  the  diffusion  of  science. 

The  same  observation  applies  to  that  immense  fund  in  tithes, 
which  is  equally  diverted  from  those  purposes  to  which  it  had  been 
appHed  by  our  ancestors— the  principal  of  which  were  the  cultiva- 
tion of  hterature  and  the  relief  of  the  poor.  In  like  manner,  has 
the  property  of  Cathohc  Irishmen  been  confiscated  since  the  Reform- 
ation, and  transferred  to  other  hands.  In  the  Supplement  to  the 
8th  Report  of  the  Commissioners  of  Irish  Records,  there  is  reference 
to  fifty-two  Rolls,  from  18th  to  36th  of  Charles  II.,  contammg  no 
less  than  2212  grants  of  land  in  Ireland.  It  is  not  reasonable, 
then,  to  charge  us  with  the  neglect  of  education,  when  we  were 
thus  deprived  of  the  means,  and  actually  interdicted,  by  most  severe 
laws,  from  the  right  of  receiving  or  diffusing  that  blessing,  in  our 
native  land  ;  and  the  taunt  is  the  less  to  be  endured,  when  we  bear 
in  mind  that  these  reproaches  come,  principally,  from  the  very 
persons  who  are  either  in  possession  of  the  means  taken  from  us,  or 
most  clamorous  in  approving  the  system  that  deprived  us  of  them. 
The  extent  of  the  desire  of  the  Irish  Prelates  of  the  Established 
Church,  to  diffuse  education,  may  be  ascertained  by  the  fact,  that 
after  a  possession  of  those  revenues,  for  nearly  three  centuries,  there 
are  but  two  diocesan  Libraries  in  all  Ireland— namely,  m  Armagh 
and  Ossory ;  as  appears  by  their  returns  to  the  Record  Commis- 
sioners. 


21 

The  Reports  of  the  Commissioners  of  Education  Enquiry  prove, 
beyond    all  doubt,  that  the  Irish  CathoUcs  of   the  present  day, 
Clergy  and  Laity,  inherit  all  that  love  of  Hterature  which  dis- 
tinguished their  progenitors,  and  have  preserved  it   undiminished, 
through  the  most  severe  ordeal  that  ever  afflicted  a  christian  People. 
But,  then,  it  is  said,  that  Cathohcs  should  not  be  entrusted  with 
education  funds,  because  they  are  opposed  to  the  use  ot  the  Bible, 
as  a  school  book  ;  and,  indeed,  it  is  insisted  that  we  are  opposed  to 
the  Bible,  altogether.    We  know  that  our  objection  is  not  to  the 
use,  but  to  the  abuse  of  the  sacred  volume.     The  Catholics  consider 
that  book  as  a  collection  of  sacred  writings,  to  be  used  only  for  re- 
ligious  purposes,  and  never  to  be  opened  by  us,  but  with  the  view 
of  obtaining  or  communicating  reHgious  or  moral  instruction.     1  hey 
do  not  think  that  this  great  gift  should  be  degraded  to  the  rank  of 
'  a  mere  school-book,  for  education  or  entertainment,  much  less  tor 

i  '  arrogant  and  captious  examination  ;  and,  in  this  opinion  they  are 
joined  by  some  of  the  most  eminent  Protestant  divines,  and  ecclesi- 
astics. It  is  a  fact,  equally  notorious  as  lamentable,  that,  in  the 
present  times,  the  sacred  volume  is  fully  as  often  referred  to,  tor 
purposes  of  uncharitable  strife  and  cavU,  as  for  the  promotion  of 

christian  love.  .  i      n      .-        ♦v  <. 

Nothing  can  be  more  untrue  or  unjust,  than  the  allegation,  that 

»  the  Catholics  have  endeavoured  to  prevent  the  printing  of  the  Bible. 

I  a^ain  refer  to  Protestant  authority,  in  support  of  my  views. 
Panzer,  a  German  Protestant  Minister,  wrote  the  annals  ot  pnnting; 
and,  in  the  fifth  volume,  we  find  the  precise  account  of  not  less 
than  two  hundred  and  thirty-two  editions  of  the  Hebrew  Bible,  or 
parts  thereof,  or  translations,  (of  which  there  were  193)  printed 
before  the  year  1500  ;  and^  when  we  consider  that  the  art  ot  printing 
was  then  in  its  infancy,  it  must  be  admittted,  that  the  number  of 
editions  then  printed  was  very  great.     The  Reformation  had  not 

♦  then  occurred,  nor  was  it  thought  of,    or  at  least  established,  tor 

thirty  years  after ;  before  which  time  there  were  seventeen  additional 
editions,  as  appears  in  the  eleventh  volume,  making  altogether  249 
editions  before  the  Reformation,  and  within  a  space  of  sixty  or 
seventy  years;  besides  other  editions,  whose  date  cannot  now  be 
precisely  fixed.  Audit  is  to  be  observed,  that  about  150  of  the 
versions  from  the  Hebrew  were  printed  in  Italy,  France  and  Belgium 
which  were,  and  still  are  strictly  Catholic  countries.  An  English 
Protestant  Clergyman,  the  Rev.  Mr.  Dibdin,  m  his  book,  entitled 
the  «'  Library  Companion,"  published  only  three  years  ago,  states 
that  the  editions  of  the  Bible  about  the  year  1500  were  innumerable. 
If  it  should  be  said  that  none  of  those  editions  were  printed  in 
Ireland,  we  may  well  and  truly  rejoin,  that  Ireland  was  not  then 
a  free  agent,  but  under  the  severe  misrule  of  English  government, 
which  despoiled,  or  neutrahzed  her  resources,  and  wholly  disor- 
ganized the  social  system ;  and,  shortly  afterwards,  the  Reforma- 
tion set  in,  and  introduced  that  legislative  spoUation  and  persecution, 
to  which  I  am  not  anxious  again  to  refer  more  minutely ;  but 
which,  in  every  rational  mind,  must  constitute  an  abundant  defence 
on  our  part,  against  the  imputation  of  having  been  negligent  of, 
or  opposed  to  the  printing  of  the  sacred  volume,  or  of  any  other 
books,  in  those  times. 


22 

Here,  again,  I  may  with  safety  enquire,  how  far  the  Irish 
Protestant  Prelates,  Clergy  and  Laity,  and  British  Settlers  in 
Ireland  contributed  to  the  work,  which  we  are  upbraided  with 
neglecting,  after  they  had  got  possession  of  the  only  means  that  we 
could  have  applied  to  such  objects  ?  1  apprehend,  that  the  result 
of  such  an  enquiry  would  only  prove  the  indiscretion  of  their  friends 
in  provoking  it.  We  all  admit,  and  lament  that  the  education 
now  given  in  our  schools  is  much  inferior  to  that  which  we  would 
desire  to  establish,  or  which  was  given  in  those  ages  to  which  I 
have  referred ;  but  we  know,  on  the  other  hand,  that  the  insuffi- 
ciency of  means,  and  the  mischievous  spirit  engendered  by  the  law 
are  the  causes  of  this  decline. — The  zeal  of  Irishmen  in  the  ad- 
vancement of  science  is  further  proved  by  this  important  fact,  that 
in  every  civiUzed  country  where,  when  persecuted,  they  could 
obtain  an  asylum,  or  where  their  despoilers  could  establish  a  depo- 
sitory for  their  spoils,  large  collections  of  books,  taken  from  Irish 
libraries,  may,  even  at  the  present  day,  be  met  wuth  ;  as  in  France, 
Spain,  Portugal,  Germany,  the  Netherlands,  Italy,  Denmark  and 
England ;  and  I  have  often  thought,  that  it  would  well  become  us 
to  petition  the  Crown  to  procure  andpublish,  if  not  copies,  at  least 
catalogues  of  those  relics  of  the  Irish  writings,  which  Lord  Lyttleton, 
as  I  stated  at  the  outset,  considered  most  important  '*  to  the 
whole  learned  world;"  not  however  such  slovenly  lists  as  were 
furnished  by  Trinity  College  to  the  Commissioners  of  Records, 
but  real  guides  to  the  contents  of  each  volume. 

The  same  love  of  literature,  and  desire  for  its  diffusion,  marked 
the  Irish  Catholic  Clergy,  under  more  recent  persecutions,  as 
distinguished  that  order  during  the  northern  ravages  that  afflicted 
it  in  a  pecuhar  degree,  in  former  ages.  Thus,  we  find  them,  when 
forced  by  most  cruel  laws  from  their  native  land,  still  clinging  to 
the  anxiety  to  provide  instruction  for  their  countrymen;  and,  for 
that  purpose,  making  exertions  such  as  never  were  excelled  or 
equalled  by  any  other  body  of  men  since  the  beginsing  of  the 
world,  and  that  too,  under  the  pressure  of  most  galling  privations 
and  afflictions.  In  the  execution  of  such  desires,  their  first  care, 
whenever  they  could  obtain  a  settlement  in  any  foreign  country, 
was  to  establish  an  institution  to  educate  teachers,  who  proceeded, 
when  properly  qualified,  to  their  country,  to  perform  their  offices 
in  defiance  of  many  dangers,  or  rather  of  many  certain  injuries. 
Upwards  of  twenty  such  institutions  for  instruction  were  establish- 
ed by  them  on  the  Continent  of  Europe,  since  the  reformation ; 
being  a  greater  number  than  have  been  established  by  the  Pro- 
testant Hierarchy,  for  such  purposes,  throughout  this  island,  since 
that  event  placed  the  wealth  of  the  Church  in  their  possession. 
Thus  did  those  Irish  Priests  manifest  their  fitness  to  succeed  the 
great  men,  who  obtained  for  their  country  such  high  reputation, 
in  distant  ages ;  and  thus  has  the  love  and  the  promotion  of 
science  been  uphekl,  by  that  much  injured  order,  in  calumniated 
Ireland,  for  a  longer  period  than  any  other  people  the  world 
can  boast  of. 

I  do  not  make  this  assertion  in  vilification  of  other  nations, 
but  in  defence  of  our  own;   and,  if  my  zeal  has  led  me  to  ex- 


il 


♦. 


; 


♦        r 


23 

ceed  our  just   pretensions,   the   fact  can  be  set  right  by  persons 
better  informed  on  such  subjects  than   1   am  ;    at  the  same  time, 
I  apprehend,  that  the  more   fully    the   subject  is    enquired  into, 
the  more  cortiplete  wiU  be  my  own  justification,  and  the  triumph 
of  my  country's  fame.     1  think  that  it  fairly  results   from   these 
facts  and  observations,  that  there  is  no  disinclination  on   the  part 
of  our  people  to  receive  instruction,  or  on  the  part  of  our  Clergy 
to  communicate    it.     I    trust  that    1    may    now  be  permitted  to 
insist,  that  I  have  redeemed  the   pledge   with   which    1   set  out, 
of  proving  the  claims  of  Ireland,  and  of  this  place  in  particular, 
upon  the  gratitude  and  generosity  of  Britons ;  and  I  am  scarcely 
less  anxious  to  have  it  considered,  that  I  have  done  so,  ^vlthout 
offending  any  national  or  religious  feelings.     Should  your  British 
fellow-subjects  be  disposed  to  cherish  an  interchange  ot  liberality 
between  the  two  islands,  you    will,   by   this  appeal,  afford  them 
a  favourable  opportunity  for  the  indulgence  of   such   dispositions. 
Proceed,  then,  with  alacrity:   justice  and  honour,  and  gratitude, 
and  generous,  pride  must  plead  on  your  behalf,  ^nd  I  do  not  think 
that  they  will   plead  in   vain.  .     ,      .  -.     i  ^  * 

Mr.  Mac  Donnell's  adchess*  was  received  with  the  most  flat- 
tering marks  of  approbation.  He  then  submitted  the  follow- 
ing series  of  resolutions  to  the  consideration  of  the  meeting, 
which  were  severally  moved,  and  seconded,  and  unanimously 
adopted : — 

1.  That  the  Population  of  this  Parish  amounts  to  nearly  three 
THOUSAND  Souls,  but  is  so  generally  destitute,  that  no  sufficient 
funds  can  be  raised,  amongst  us,  towards  erecting  a  School-House, 
a  decent  or  convenient  place  of  Worship,  or  an  Enclosing 
Wall  around  the  Burial  Ground,  wherein  the  remains  of 
many  Noble,  Learned,  and  virtuous  Britons  lie  interred,  and  are 
now,  daily,  subject  to  be  disturbed. 

2.  That  it  appears  by  the  writings  of  learned  Historians,  parti- 
cularly English,  by  the  ancient  records  of  Ireland,  and  by  the 
national  and  local  traditions,  that  this  ancient  Monastery  and  College 
of  Mayo,  and  the  adjoining  lands,  were  originally  granted,  many 
centuries  ago,  to  provide  maintenance  and  education  tor  N  atives  of 
England ;  and  that  they  were  so  used  and  enjoyed  by  them  and 
their  Successors,  of  the  same  Nation,  so  long  as  the  Government  ot 
Ireland  was  administered  by  CathoUc  Irishmen. 

3.  That,  resting  upon  such  claims  to  British  gratitude,  and  such 
inducements  to  British  generosity,  we  will  present  respectful  1  eti- 
tions  to  our  Beloved  Sovereign,  and  to  both  Houses  of  Parliament, 
humbly  praying  aid  towards  our  objects ;  and,  as  we  lately  experi- 
enced the  bounty  of  our  British  FeUow  Subjects,  when  our  physical 
privations  were  exposed  to  their  benevolent  view,  we  cannot  doubt 
but  we  shall  obtain  similar  consideration,  when  our  present  appeal 
and  condition  shall  be  made  known  to  them. 

4.  That  we  respectfully  entreat  his  Royal  Highness  the  Duke  of 


.}iSi£ia£M^MiSSSi^^SMM- 


24 


Sussex  to  present  our  Petition  to  the  House  of  Lords,  and  to  support 
it  with  the  information  upon  such  subjects,  for  which  that  Illustri- 
ous Prince  is  so  eminently  distinguished ;  and  that  our  Petition  to 
the  House  of  Commons  be  confided  to  that  great  Advocate  of  Irish 
Claims,  Henry  Brougham,  Esq.  whose  ardour  in  the  diffusion  of 
science  and  liberality  secures  to  us  his  support. 

5.  That  we  respectfully  solict  our  kind  friend,  John  Smith, 
Esq.,  M.  P.  whose  name  never  can  be  absent  from  the  grateful 
hearts  of  the  Irish  Poor,  and  that  excellent  Englishman,  Edward 
Blouxt,  Esq.,  Secretary  to  the  CathoHcs  of  Great  Britain,  to  col- 
lect and  receive  contributions,  on  our  behalf ;  and  that,  in  request- 
ing those  gentlemen  to  associate  for  this  purpose,  we  are  governed 
by  the  perfect  conviction,  that  no  two  could  be  found  more  disposed 
to  assist  in  the  promotion  of  any  measures  intended  for  the  benefit 
of  our  Country. 

6.  That  we  request  our  revered  Archbishop,  the  Most  Rev.  Dr. 
Kelly,  our  Reverend  Pastor  and  Chairman,  and  our  worthy  neigh- 
bour Alexander  Coghlan,  Esq.,  to  accept  the  oflice  of  Joint 
Trustees  and  Treasurers,  for  the  receipt  and  management  of  such 
funds  as  may  be  raised. 


PUBLISHING   BY  JAMES   RIDGWAY, 

r         y^nd  which  may  be  had,  by  Order,  of  every  Bookseller  in 

the  United  Kingdom. 


Printed  b7  Edward  Baines  and  Son,  Leeds. 


THE  SPEECHES   OF    THE   RIGHT    HON.   GEORGE 

CANNING,  corrected  by  Himself;  with  a  Memoir  of  his  Life, 
By  R.  Therry,  Esq.,  of  Gray's  Inn,  Barrister  at  Law ; 
illustrated  by  a  fine  Portrait,  Fac-similes  of  his  hand-writing,  a 
Plate  exhibitive  of  his  mode  of  correcting  and  revising  his 
Speeches,  &c.,  in  two  important  passages  from  the  celebrated 
one  on  Portugal :  6  vols.  8vo.  £3  12^. 

«  A  biographical  memoir  of  the  most  illustrious  statesman  and  accomplished 
orator  of  our  age,  prefixed  to  the  only  authentic  edition  of  his  Speeches,  has 
far  superior  claims  to  notice  and  credit  over  any  of  those  ephemeral  and  hur- 
ried sketches  of  his  life,  which,  without  authority,  and  for  mere  abject  pur- 
poses of  lucre,  have  been  thickly  palmed  upon  the  public  attention.  *  *  *  It 
embraces  the  essence  and  substance  of  all  the  truth  that  (except  it  should  be 
through  the  aflfectionate  and  venerating  zeal  of  personal  friends  or  kindred,) 
will,  probably,  ever  be  told  of  the  life  of  George  Caninng  r— Monthly 
Review. 

«  We  recommend  this  edition  of  Mr.  Canning's  brilliant,  splendid,  and 
statesmanlike  Speeches,  as  the  noblest  literary  memorial  that  can  be  preserved 
of  him." — Literary  Gazette. 

«  This  excellent  and  valuable  edition  of  Mr.  Canning's  Speeches,  by  Mr. 
Therry,  contains,  among  other  things,  a  remarkable  instance  of  the  applica- 
tion of  the  new  process  of  typolithography.  There  is,  in  the  first  volume,  a 
fac-simile  of  the  proofs  of  the  celebrated  Speech  on  the  affairs  of  Portugal, 
with  all  the  corrections  made  by  Mr.  Canning.  Every  mark  which  he  made 
in  the  letter-press,  every  reference,  and  every  word  written  on  the  margin,  is 
represented  as  it  appeared  in  his  hand- writing  in  the  proofs." 


§.«' 


.1 


L    \ 


ft- 


Valuable  Works  now  Publishing  hi/  J.  Ridgway. 

THE  SPEECHES  OF  THE  H0\.  THOMAS  (afterwards 
LORD)  ERSKINE,  when  at  the  Bar,  on  Subjects  connected 
with  the  Liberty  of  the  Press,  and  against  constructive  Treason  : 
5  vols.  8vo.  £2  10*. 

"  These  Speeches,  stored  as  they  are  with  the  soundest  political  doctrines^ 
the  first  moral  sentiments,  and  the  pure,  t  oratorical  beauties,  arc  calculated 
eminently  to  enlighten,  and  permanently  to  please — they  are  qualified  to 
make  men  not  only  wiser,  but  better — to  expand  their  views,  to  study  their 
principles,  and  to  ameliorate  their  hearts — to  teach  them  to  pursue  the  dictates 
of  duty  at  every  pain  and  peril,  and  to  uphold  the  interests  of  humanity  in  \^ 
every  sphere  and  season." — Jloruing  Chronicle. 


u 


We  take  the  opinion  of  the  country,  and  of  every  part  of  the  world  wher? 
the  languajife  is  understood,  to  be  that  of  the  most  unbounded  admir<ition  of 
these  exquisite  specimens  of  judicial  oratory,  and  of  great  oblig^atious  to  the 
Editor  of  the  collections." — Edin.  Rev.  Vol.  xix. 


THE  SPEECHES  OF  SUl  SAMUEL  ROMILLY  in  the 
House  of  Commons,  with  Memoirs  of  his  Life.  By  William 
Peter,  Esq.,  Barrister  ;  illustrated  by  a  fine  Portrait  by  Rey- 
nolds, after  Sir  T.  Lawrence  :  2  vols.  20>\ 

THE  SPEECHES   OF   THE   RIGHT    HON.  CHARLES 
JAMES    FOX    in   the   House   of   Commons,    with   a   correct^ 
Portrait  by  Opie  :  6  vols.  £4  Ss. 


1^ 


A  HISTORY  of  the  PENAL  LAWS  against  the  IRISH 
CATHOLICS,  from   the  Year   1G89  to  the  Union.     By  Sir     * 
Henry  Parnell,  Bart.  M.  P.     Fifth  Edition,  3*.  (yd.  boards. 


PAPER   MONEY,    BANKING,    aud   OVERTRADING ; 

including  those  parts  of  the  Evidence  taken  before  the  Com- 
mittee of  the  House  of  Commons,  which  explain  the  Scotch 
System  of  Banking.  By  Sir  Henry  Parnell,  Bart.  M.  P. 
Second  Edition.     8vo.  5*.  Gd. 


